Diagram Diagosis

Wednesday, April 10, 2013

1995 Ford Ranger Wiring Diagram

1995 Ford Ranger Wiring Diagram

The Part of 1995 Ford Ranger Wiring Diagram: transmission range sensor, electronic engine control, clutch pedal position switch jumper, electronic engine control, speed control, automatic transmission, starter interupt relay, rela box, starter motor during engine starting, starter relay, manual transmission, electronic engine control, battery, starter motor solenoid, switch jumper, I/P fuse panel.

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Simple 220V SMPS Buck Converter Circuit Using VIPer12A IC

The presented article explains a simple buck converter or an SMPS circuit using the IC VIPer12A from STMicroelectronics. The circuit uses negligible number of external components yet is able to operate directly from mains AC input.

Looking at the given circuit diagram we see that the input stage incorporates a surge limiting resistor which quite acts like a fuse, a diode for rectifying the AC, and an LC filter network for further filtration of the DC riples.

The LC filter employed here ensures better DC stabilization and enhanced EMI response.

The capacitor Cin1 may be introduced for further reinforcing the EMI functionality.

The IC VIPer12A becomes the main PWM processor device which single handedly performs the entire buck conversion in the circuit.

The main specifications of the configuration may be understood as follows:

AC input voltage Vinac 80 - 285Vac
Output current Iout 30mA
Output current Iout2 50mA
Output voltage Vout1 +24±10%V
Output voltage Vout2 +5V±5%
Switching frequency 60 kHz
Output Power ~ 1W

The circuit facilitates two outputs, rhe 24V output is achieved through a buck converter configuration while the 5V output via fly back mode.

The feedback voltage to the IC is acquired from Vout1 for the required regulation of the output, this supply is also applied to the IC Vdd pin.

The above wiring becomes possible by using a single high voltage diode and just one capacitor, to be precise D1 and C3, making the connections and costing much simpler.

The employed inductor L consists of two windings which are coupled across with each other over a common ferrite core.

The winding are done through appropriate turn ratios, where N1 = 200 turns and N2 = 60 turns. Both these are wound over a PANASONIC ELC10D152E ferrite core material.

Zener diodes z1 and z2 are installed in order to safeguard the outputs against over voltages.

A dummy load resistor is fixed across Vout1 so that appropriate regulation can be executed over both the outputs during open load situations.

Though the addition of the above resistor affects the efficiency a bit, it superbly improves voltage regulation response of the circuit.

The rectifier diodes fixed at the output are fast response fast recovery types. D1 is a high voltage diode as it might be subjected to high reverse voltages delivered by the DC bus voltage...... D2 is a normal diode.

Parts List for the proposed simple SMPS buck converter circuit:

Rr 10W 1/2W
Rf 10KW 1/4W
Rburden 4.7kW 1/4W
Cin 4.7 μF, 450V Electrolytic Capacitor
C1 33 μF, 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2 100 μF, 16V Electrolytic Capacitor
C3 1 μF, 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C4 22 nF Ceramic capacitor
Dr Diode 1N4007
D1 Diode BA159 (fast)
D2 Diode 1N4148 (fast)
D3 Diode 1N4004
Dz 22V Zener
Dz1 27V Zener
Dz2 5.6V Zener
L 1.5 mH
Lf 470 μH Inductor
IC1 STMicroelectronics VIPer12ADIP

PCB Design and Component Layout of the above explained SMPS buck converter circuit using IC VIPer12A

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Simple Sound Activated Switch

Control by sound may be very useful, not just on a robot but also for a bit of home automation, for example a sound activated light responding to a knock on the door or a hand clap. The light will be automatically switched off after a few seconds. An alternative use is burglar protection — if someone wants to open the door or break some-thing the light will come on, suggesting that someone’s at home. The circuit can work from any 5– 12 VDC regulated power supply pro-vided a relay with the suitable coil voltage is used.

Circuit diagram :

Sound Activated Switch Circuit Diagram

When you first connect the supply voltage to the circuit, the relay will be energised because of the effect of capacitor C2. Allow a few seconds for the relay to be switched off. You can increase or decrease the ‘on’ period by changing the value of C2. A higher value results in a longer ‘on’ period, and vice versa. Do not use a value greater than 47 µF. Biasing resistor R1 determines to a large extent the microphone sensitivity. An electret microphone usually has one internal FET inside which requires a bias voltage to operate. The optimum bias level for response to sound has to be found by trial and error.

All relevant electrical safety precautions should be observed when connecting mains powered loads to the relay contacts.

http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/06/simple-sound-activated-switch.html

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Circuit Mobile Phone Battery Charger

This post share about Mobile Phone charger circuits, previously you can see other Phone Battery Charger Circuit or Charger Circuit . This Charger ciruit use to charging phone battery using IC 7805 for plus voltage regulator or & 7905 for min voltage regulator. Below is a schematic circuit adapter, power supply, or battery charger (for gadgets, mobile phones, MP4player, smartphone) that is equipped with a 5V voltage stabilizer:

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Diode Bridge

diode bridge, known as a diode bridge is used for the rectifier circuit current (rectifier) from AC to DC. to make the diode bridge properly you need to know the type of diode to be used, to suit your needs. example: to make the power supply 12 Volt 3 Ampere diode type 1N5401 is needed, for more detail how to choose the right type of diode to the adapter.

Voltage stabilizers are commonly used are the 78XX or 79XX type LM, XX indicates the maximum voltage output is generated. see the example in the circuit schematic above, to output 5 V is used type LM 7805. for other voltages must be adjusted to the transformer and its stabilizer IC.

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1957 58 Dodge 4 Way Power Seat Wiring Diagram

1957-58 Dodge 4-Way Power Seat Wiring Diagram

(click for full size image)

The Part of 1957-58 Dodge 4-Way Power Seat Wiring Diagram:4 way seat adjusting switch, 30 amp circuit breaker, horizontal adjusting unit, battery,

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TC9400 VFC for PLL FM Demodulation

FM demodulation can be done with phase locked loop (PLL), and this method is common in high-end communication system. This system uses TC9400 that has high linearity. Using TC9400, the performance of phase-locked loop will increases greatly. That will give very precise tracking of Vout with respect to Fin. This is the figure of the block diagram;

The operation principle is very simple, since the feedback system force the V/F converter (VFC) to follow the FIN by manipulating the control input of VFC, as the result, the control input of VFC will follow the variation of FIN. This control signal is then tapped for the output of this circuit. [Block diagram source: Microchip Application note]

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Tuesday, April 9, 2013

4 Bit Analogue to Digital Converter

The operation of the converter is based on the weighted adding and transferring of the analogue input levels and the digital output levels. It consists of comparators and resistors. In theory, the number of bits is unlimited, but each bit needs a comparator and several coupling resistors. The diagram shows a 4-bit version. The value of the resistors must meet the following criteria:

R1:R2 = 1:2;
R3:R4:R5 = 1:2:4;
R6:R7:R8:R9 = 1:2:4:8.

The linearity of the converter depends on the degree of precision of the value of the resistors with respect to the resolution of the converter, and on the accuracy of the threshold voltage of the comparators. This threshold level must be equal, or nearly so, to half the supply voltage. Moreover, the comparators must have as low an output resistance as possible and as high an input resistance with respect to the load resistors as feasible. Any deviation from these requirements affects the linearity of the converter adversely.

Circuit diagram:

4-Bit Analogue to Digital Converter Circuit Diagram

If the value of the resistors is not too low, the use of inverters with an FET (field-effect transistor) input leads to a near-ideal situation. In the present converter, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters are used, which, in spite of their low gain, give a reasonably good performance. If standard comparators are used, take into account the output voltage range and make sure that the potential at their non-inverting inputs is set to half the supply voltage. If high accuracy is a must, comparators Type TLC3074 or similar should be used. This type has a totem-pole output. The non-inverting inputs should be interlinked and connected to the tap of a a divider consisting of two 10 kΩ resistors across the supply lines. It is essential that the converter is driven by a low-resistance source. If necessary, this can be arranged via a suitable op amp input buffer. The converter draws a current not exceeding 5 mA.

Source :www.ecircuitslab.com

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